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山東半島2023年12月暴雪水汽來源與水汽條件分析

單位：河南大學濮陽工學院, 河南濮陽 457001

分類號：P458

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2025·42·第一期（98-106）

摘要：

2023年12月15—22日，山東半島東北部出現(xiàn)極端海效應暴雪，多個氣象站點積雪深度突破記錄，嚴重影響了交通出行。利用衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)和氣象站點數(shù)據(jù)分析了此次降水的空間分布和時間變化，通過WAM2layers模型追蹤了煙臺、威海地區(qū)降雪的水汽來源并統(tǒng)計了各個水汽源的貢獻率，最后利用ERA5數(shù)據(jù)對暴雪產(chǎn)生的水汽條件進行了分析。結(jié)果表明：渤海和黃海西北部區(qū)域是主要的水汽來源地，其為煙臺、威海地區(qū)的降雪貢獻了近50%的水汽；高緯度地區(qū)南下的強冷空氣為水汽傳輸提供了動力條件，溫暖的海面提供了水汽和水汽上升的熱力條件，半島地形抬升加劇了水汽輻合上升；暴雪時段，山東半島東北部氣流有顯著異常的下層輻合上層輻散的特征。

From December 15th to 22nd, 2023, an extreme ocean-effect snowstorm occurred in the northwest of Shandong Peninsula, and the snow depth at multiple weather stations has broken records, seriously affecting transportation and travel. The spatial distribution and temporal variation of precipitation are analyzed using satellite data and weather station data. The moisture sources of snowfall in Yantai and Weihai areas are tracked and the contribution rates of each moisture source are calculated using the WAM2layers model. The moisture conditions that cause snowfall are analyzed using ERA5 data. The results show that the Bohai Sea and the northwest part of the Yellow Sea are the main sources of moisture, contributing nearly 50% of the moisture to snowfall in Yantai and Weihai areas. The strong cold air moving southward in high latitude areas provides dynamic conditions for water vapor transport, while the warm sea surface provides thermal conditions for water vapor and its rise. The uplift of the peninsula terrain intensifies the convergence of water vapor. During snowstorm periods, the airflow in the northeast of the peninsula exhibits significant anomalous characteristics of convergence at lower pressure levels and divergence at upper pressure levels.

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