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長江口一次持續(xù)性強(qiáng)濃霧過程特征和成因分析

單位：中國衛(wèi)星海上測控部, 江蘇江陰 214431

分類號：P732.1

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2024·41·第一期（74-82）

摘要：

使用船載觀測資料、FNL再分析資料和葵花八號云圖資料，對2022年3月11—14日發(fā)生于長江口的持續(xù)性濃霧過程進(jìn)行研究分析，并歸納總結(jié)了預(yù)報的實用性方法。結(jié)果表明：本次濃霧過程包含輻射霧和鋒面平流霧，持續(xù)時間長，影響范圍廣，霧區(qū)在鋒面的前后部都相繼出現(xiàn)，且鋒面移動往往影響著霧的移動。在霧的生消和維持過程中，氣溫和相對濕度通常呈負(fù)相關(guān)，溫度露點差和能見度呈正相關(guān)，當(dāng)溫度露點差大于3℃時，長江口也會有霧生成，但能見度不低于3 km。霧生時段通常盛行偏南風(fēng)和偏北風(fēng)，偏西風(fēng)和西北風(fēng)則會導(dǎo)致相對濕度迅速下降，不利于霧的形成和維持。可見光云圖上霧的特征明顯，顏色紋理均勻，邊界清晰整齊，外圍無絲狀或纖維狀云系擴(kuò)散，而紅外云圖上對應(yīng)處是一片灰暗區(qū)，只有邊界隱約可見。

This paper uses shipborne observation data, FNL reanalysis data and Sunflower-8 cloud map data to study a persistent strong dense fog process that occurred at the mouth of the Yangtze River estuary from March 11 to 14, 2022, and to summarize the practical methods for fog forecasting. The conclusions are as follows: This dense fog process includes radiation fog and frontal advection fog, which has a long duration and a wide range of influence. The fog area appears in the front and rear parts, and the front movement affects the movement of fog. During the lifetime of the dense fog, air temperature and relative humidity are usually negatively correlated, air temperature-dew point difference is positively correlated with the visibility. When air temperature-dew point difference is greater than 3 ℃ , fog also occurs at the mouth of the Yangtze River estuary but the visibility is normally not less than 3 km. The prevailing wind during the dense fog process is usually southerly and northerly. The westerly and northwesterly winds cause the rapid drop of relative humidity, resisting the formation and maintenance of the fog. The visible light cloud map has obvious characteristics of the fog including uniform color texture, clear and neat boundaries, no filamentous or fibrous cloud diffusion on the periphery, while the characteristics of the fog on the infrared cloud map is a gray dark area, only the boundary is faintly visible.

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