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南海海表溫度日變化特征及其影響因素研究

單位：國(guó)家海洋環(huán)境預(yù)報(bào)中心自然資源部海洋災(zāi)害預(yù)報(bào)技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 北京 100081

關(guān)鍵詞：海表溫度日變化凈輻射通量日變化風(fēng)速季風(fēng)

分類(lèi)號(hào)：P731.11

出版年·卷·期（頁(yè)碼）：2024·41·第一期（31-41）

摘要：

利用國(guó)家海洋環(huán)境預(yù)報(bào)中心的逐時(shí)海表溫度（SST）數(shù)據(jù)和歐洲中期數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)中心的ERA5數(shù)據(jù)集研究了南海海表溫度日變化（DSST）的特征及其影響因素。研究結(jié)果表明：南海區(qū)域的DSST平均為0.56℃，總體呈緯向分布，近岸海域DSST幅度較大，但超過(guò)1.5℃的日增暖事件發(fā)生頻次較少；南海DSST具有顯著的季節(jié)變化特征，總體表現(xiàn)為春季最大（約0.7℃），冬季最小（約0.2～0.3℃）；凈輻射通量日變化和風(fēng)速的季節(jié)變化是影響南海DSST季節(jié)變化的主要原因，南海月平均DSST與凈輻射通量日變化的季節(jié)變化具有很好的一致性，DSST隨著凈輻射通量日變化的增加而增大，但DSST與風(fēng)速的變化關(guān)系則相反；南海季風(fēng)對(duì)南海DSST的季節(jié)變化也有著重要影響；南海SST具有明顯的日循環(huán)特征，通常在每日16時(shí)到達(dá)峰值，08時(shí)到達(dá)谷值；影響南海SST日循環(huán)的主要因素為凈輻射通量的日循環(huán)，風(fēng)速日循環(huán)的影響相對(duì)較小。

Based on the hourly sea surface temperature (SST) data from National Marine Environment Forecasting Center and ERA5 datasets from European Center for Medium Weather Forecasting, the characteristics and influencing factors of diurnal variation of sea surface temperature (DSST) over the South China Sea are studied in this article. The results show that the climatology of DSST exhibits a zonal variation with a mean value of about 0.56 ℃. Also, the amplitude of DSST in offshore areas is larger while the frequency of warming events of DSST exceeding 1.5 ℃ is rare. The DSST shows significant seasonal variation characteristics with peak in spring (about 0.7 ℃ ) and valley in winter (about 0.2～0.3 ℃ ). This is mainly due to the seasonal variations of diurnal variation of net radiation flux and the wind speed over the South China Sea. Totally, the seasonal DSST increases along with the increase of diurnal variation of net radiation flux and the decrease of mean wind speed. Meanwhile, the South China Sea monsoon also plays an important role in the seasonal variation of DSST. The SST in the South China Sea also has an obvious diurnal cycle, which commonly reaches the peak at 16 p.m. and the valley at 8 a.m. The main factor affecting SST diurnal cycle in the South China Sea is the diurnal cycle of net radiation flux, while the influence of wind speed is relatively small.

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