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南海大氣邊界層高度的氣候特征研究

單位：1. 國家海洋環(huán)境預報中心自然資源部海洋災害預報技術重點實驗室, 北京 100081;
2. 中國長江三峽集團有限公司科學技術研究院, 北京 100038

分類號：P421.3

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2023·40·第一期（79-90）

摘要：

利用1979-2020年逐時的ERA5再分析數(shù)據(jù)，研究了南海區(qū)域大氣邊界層高度的氣候特征及其影響因子。結(jié)果表明：南海區(qū)域平均大氣邊界層高度為500～800 m，空間上呈中間高、四周低的分布特征。南海大氣邊界層高度具有顯著的季節(jié)變化特征，總體按照冬季、秋季、夏季、春季依次遞減，日變化較小，大部分區(qū)域邊界層高度的日變化幅度小于 300 m，日循環(huán)比較平緩。南海大氣邊界層高度顯著的季節(jié)變化特征主要受海氣溫差、海表面風、感熱通量、潛熱通量和穩(wěn)定度的共同影響。較大的海氣溫差和強風速使海表熱通量增加，下墊面不穩(wěn)定性增加，海氣相互作用加強，湍流活動增強，導致秋冬季邊界層高度較高。過去 42 a南海區(qū)域年平均大氣邊界層高度顯著增高，年平均增高率約為0.8 m/a，且邊界層高度變化存在顯著的季節(jié)差異。海表面溫度升高、潛熱通量增加以及穩(wěn)定度減小有利于邊界層的發(fā)展，可能是導致南海邊界層高度增加的主要原因。

Based on hourly ERA5 reanalysis data from 1979 to 2020, the climatic characteristics and influencing factors of atmospheric boundary layer height over the South China Sea are studied. The results show that the average boundary layer height over the South China Sea is within the range of 500～800 m with a spatial distribution of higher in the middle and lower in the periphery. The boundary layer height over the South China Sea is characterized by significant seasonal variation, generally decreasing in order of winter, autumn, summer and spring, with relatively small diurnal variation. The diurnal variation amplitude of the boundary layer height in most areas is less than 300 m, and the diurnal cycle is relatively gentle. The significant seasonal variation characteristics of the boundary layer height over the South China Sea are mainly affected by the air-sea temperature difference, sea surface wind, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux and stability. The large air-sea temperature difference and strong wind speed increase the sea surface heat flux, and increase the instability of the underlying surface, and strengthen the air-sea interaction and enhance turbulence activities, leading to higher boundary layer height in autumn and winter. In the past 42 years, the annual average atmospheric boundary layer height over the South China Sea has a significant inceasing trend with the rate of about 0.8 m/yr, and there are significant seasonal differences in the variation of boundary layer height. The rise of sea surface temperature, the increase of latent heat flux and the decrease of stability may be the main reasons for the increase of boundary layer height over the South China Sea.

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