圍頭灣海域溢油風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模擬及對(duì)周圍環(huán)境敏感區(qū)的影響研究

作者：趙興1  王憲鑫1  吳亮2  邢成路1  霍然1

單位：1. 中海油能源發(fā)展股份有限公司安全環(huán)保分公司安全環(huán)保工程技術(shù)研究院, 天津 300457; 2. 中海石油環(huán)保服務(wù)(天津)有限公司, 天津 300457

關(guān)鍵詞：MIKE21 溢油事故 數(shù)值模擬 預(yù)測(cè) 環(huán)境敏感區(qū)

分類號(hào)：X55

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2023·40·第一期（57-64）

摘要：

基于MIKE21水動(dòng)力模型對(duì)圍頭灣海域進(jìn)行潮流數(shù)值模擬，對(duì)比實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)來驗(yàn)證模型模擬的潮位、流速及流向的可靠性。基于拉格朗日“油粒子”理論考慮油膜運(yùn)動(dòng)過程風(fēng)化行為，建立了圍頭灣海域二維溢油擴(kuò)散模型，模擬預(yù)測(cè)4個(gè)不同條件下油膜掃海面積及油膜對(duì)環(huán)境敏感區(qū)的污染情況。結(jié)果表明：溢油事故會(huì)對(duì)圍頭灣內(nèi)環(huán)境敏感區(qū)均造成嚴(yán)重污染。夏季常風(fēng)向（最不利風(fēng)向）條件下油膜抵岸污染嚴(yán)重，72 h殘油量高達(dá)46.7%，油膜漂移距離短，掃海面積小于60 km2；冬季常風(fēng)向條件下油膜漂移距離遠(yuǎn)，掃海面積大于228 km2，但72 h殘油量較低，為37.1%。

Based on the MIKE21 hydrodynamic model, a tidal current numerical simulation is carried out in the Weitou Bay area, and the reliability of the simulated tidal level, velocity and direction is verified by comparing the measured data. Based on the Lagrangian "oil particle" theory and considering the weathering processes during the movement of the oil film, a two-dimensional oil spill diffusion model in the Weitou Bay area is established to simulate and predict the sweeping area of oil film and the pollution of oil film to the environmentally sensitive areas under four oil spill scenarios. The results show that the oil spill accidents could cause serious pollution to all environmentally sensitive areas in Weitou Bay. In summer, under normal wind direction (the most unfavorable wind direction), the oil film arrives ashore and the pollution is serious with the residual oil content reaching 46.7% in 72 h, the short drift distance and the sea sweeping area less than 60 km2. In winter, the drift distance is long under the normal wind direction with the sweeping sea area more than 228 km2 and a lower 72 h residual oil volume of 36.1%.

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