老妇高潮潮喷到猛进猛出,WWW.6969成人片亚洲

浙江東部海域沉船海難海浪災(zāi)害性特征分析

單位：1. 中山大學(xué)大氣科學(xué)學(xué)院, 廣東珠海 519082;
2. 福建省海洋預(yù)報(bào)臺(tái), 福建福州 350003;
3. 南方海洋科學(xué)與工程廣東省實(shí)驗(yàn)室(珠海), 廣東珠海 519082

關(guān)鍵詞：沉船海浪波面坡度風(fēng)浪向涌浪向

分類號(hào)：P731.22

出版年·卷·期（頁(yè)碼）：2023·40·第一期（28-38）

摘要：

利用歐洲中期天氣預(yù)報(bào)中心（ECMWF）的再分析數(shù)據(jù)，分析了2015-2021年發(fā)生在浙江東部海域9起沉船海難事故的海浪災(zāi)害性特征。結(jié)果表明：沉船海難事故的發(fā)生往往伴隨著波高或波陡的增大，使得船舶的縱搖和垂蕩加劇。海難發(fā)生時(shí)波高比12 h前增大0.5 m以上，或是海難發(fā)生 3 h以內(nèi)波面坡度達(dá)到峰值。沉船海難還伴隨著風(fēng)浪向與航向的夾角、風(fēng)浪向與涌浪向的夾角約為 60°～100°，即船向與某一種浪向接近垂直，使得船舶橫搖劇烈。此外，結(jié)合一個(gè)代表性沉船事故個(gè)例進(jìn)行過(guò)程總結(jié)，分析了較陡的波面坡度、較大的風(fēng)浪向和涌浪向夾角產(chǎn)生的原因。

Using the reanalysis data of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, the disastrous characteristics of waves during nine shipwreck accidents that occurred in the eastern waters of Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2021 are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the occurrence of shipwreck accidents is often accompanied by the increase of wave height or wave steepness, which intensifies the pitch and heave of the ship. The wave height increases by more than 0.5 m compared with 12 hours ago when the shipwreck occurs, or the wave surface slope reaches its peak within 3 hours after the occurrence of shipwreck. The shipwreck is also accompanied by an angle of about 60° to 100° between the course and the wind wave direction or between the wind wave direction and the swell direction, that is, the ship direction is close to perpendicular to a certain wave direction, which causes the ship to roll violently. In addition, this paper also summarizes the process with a representative case of shipwreck accident, and analyzes the reasons for the steep wave surface slope, and large angle between wind wave direction and swell direction.

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1] 許富祥. 海浪預(yù)報(bào)知識(shí)講座第一講海浪及其危害[J]. 海洋預(yù)報(bào), 2001, 18(1):82-84. XU F X. Lectures on wave forecasting, lecture 1, ocean waves and their hazards[J]. Marine Forecasts, 2001, 18(1):82-84.
[2] 中華人民共和國(guó)自然資源部. 數(shù)據(jù)/數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)/海洋/公報(bào)公告:中國(guó)海洋災(zāi)害公報(bào)[EB/OL].[2021-09-10]. http://www.mnr.gov.cn/sj/sjfw/hy/gbgg/zghyzhgb/. Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China. Data/data services/ocean/bulletin:China marine disaster bulletin[EB/OL].[2021-09-10]. http://www.mnr.gov.cn/sj/sjfw/hy/gbgg/zghyzhgb/.
[3] 中華人民共和國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部. 2020年全國(guó)漁業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)統(tǒng)計(jì)公報(bào)[EB/OL]. (2021-07-28)[2021-09-10]. http://www.moa.gov.cn/xw/bmdt/202107/t20210728_6372958.htm. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 2020 national fishery economic statistical bulletin[EB/OL]. (2021-07-28)[2021-09-10]. http://www.moa.gov.cn/xw/bmdt/202107/t20210728_6372958.htm.
[4] International Maritime Organization. Standards for ship manoeuvrability[S]. Resolution MSC.137(76). London:International Maritime Organization, 2002.
[5] DE KAT J O, PAULLING J R. The simulation of ship motions and capsizing in severe seas[J]. Transaction-Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 1989, 97:139-168.
[6] HAMAMOTO M, KIM Y S. A new coordinate system and the equations describing manoeuvring motion of a ship in waves[J]. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, 1993, 1993(173):209-220.
[7] 蘇紹娟, 蘭蔚, 王天霖, 等. 海洋信息環(huán)境下船舶耐波性指標(biāo)研究[J]. 艦船科學(xué)技術(shù), 2018, 40(5):55-60. SU S J, LAN W, WANG T L, et al. Ship seakeeping analysis based on ocean information environment[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2018, 40(5):55-60.
[8] GUNSON J, LEHNER S. Extreme wave conditions from wave model hindcasts and from synthetic aperture radar images[J]. Gregersen, 2001.
[9] TOFFOLI A, LEFÈVRE J M, BITNER-GREGERSEN E, et al. Towards the identification of warning criteria:analysis of a ship accident database[J]. Applied Ocean Research, 2005, 27(6):281- 291.
[10] 魏永亮, 高志一, 唐澤艷, 等. 基于SAR波模式數(shù)據(jù)的沉船事故海浪要素分析[J]. 上海海洋大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2017, 26(6):946-952. WEI Y L, GAO Z Y, TANG Z Y, et al. Analysis of wave factors in shipwreck accidents based on SAR wave mode data[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2017, 26(6):946-952.
[11] OLAGNON M, ISEGHEM S V. Some cases of observed rogue waves and an attempt to characterize their occurrence conditions[C]//Ifremer, Brest, Rogue Waves 2000. 2001:105-116.
[12] 中華人民共和國(guó)浙江海事局. 政府信息公開(kāi)/法定主動(dòng)公開(kāi)內(nèi)容/水上安全事故[EB/OL].[2022-02-28]. https://www.zj.msa.gov.cn/ZJ/zwgk/gkml/xzqz/?4468. Zhejiang Maritime Safety Bureau of the People's Republic of China. Government information disclosure/statutory active disclosure content/water safety accidents[EB/OL].[2022-02-28]. https://www.zj.msa.gov.cn/ZJ/zwgk/gkml/xzqz/?4468.
[13] 裴劍飛. 溫州以東海域一艘遠(yuǎn)洋漁船翻扣目前5人獲救5人失蹤[EB/OL].[2022-02-28]. https://www.bjnews.com.cn/detail/161468599115328.html PEI J F. In the waters east of Wenzhou, an ocean-going fishing boat capsized; At present, five people have been rescued and five are missing[EB/OL].[2022-02-28]. https://www.bjnews.com.cn/detail/161468599115328.html.
[14] European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1959 to present[EB/OL]. (2018- 06-14)[2021-09-10]. https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview.
[15] Japan Meteorological Agency. Ocean data buoy observations[EB/OL].[2021-09-10]. https://www.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/kaiyou/db/vessel_obs/data-report/html/buoy/buoy_e.php.
[16] World Meteorological Organization. Guide to wave analysis and forecasting[M]. Geneva:World Meteorological Organization, 1998.
[17] 黃松興, 焦甲龍, 陳超核. 方形波浪中船舶運(yùn)動(dòng)特性及安全航行策略[J]. 浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(工學(xué)版), 2021, 55(8):1473-1481. HUANG S X, JIAO J L, CHEN C H. Ship motion responses in cross wave and related safe navigation strategy[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2021, 55(8):1473- 1481.
[18] 王寧. 世界海難事故現(xiàn)狀分析及應(yīng)對(duì)措施[J]. 世界海運(yùn), 2010, 33(7):70-71. WANG N. Analysis on world's shipwreck and countermeasures thereon[J]. World Shipping, 2010, 33(7):70-71.
[19] 趙月林, 夏國(guó)忠. 大型散貨船在大風(fēng)浪中的安全問(wèn)題[J]. 世界海運(yùn), 2000(1):20-21. ZHAO Y L, XIA G Z. Safety of large bulk carriers in high winds and waves[J]. World Shipping, 2000(1):20-21.
[20] 莫建. 波浪中船舶六自由度操縱運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)值仿真[D]. 哈爾濱:哈爾濱工程大學(xué), 2009. MO J. Numerical simulation of ship manoeuvring motion with six degrees of freedom in waves[D]. Harbin:Harbin Engineering University, 2009.
[21] 閆澍旺, 李嘉, 雷震名, 等. 涌浪環(huán)境中鋪管船橫搖機(jī)理及模型試驗(yàn)研究[J]. 海洋工程, 2016, 34(4):16-22, 46. YAN S W, LI J, LEI Z M, et al. Mechanism and model test research of pipelay vessel rolling affected by swells[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2016, 34(4):16-22, 46.
[22] 張廣磊, 劉旭平, 楊小龍, 等. 中國(guó)東海涌浪對(duì)浮托設(shè)計(jì)的影響[J]. 船海工程, 2017, 46(5):42-45. ZHANG G L, LIU X P, YANG X L, et al. On floatover technology in swell wave environment of East China Sea[J]. Ship & Ocean Engineering, 2017, 46(5):42-45.
[23] 黃彬, 趙偉. 國(guó)家級(jí)海洋氣象業(yè)務(wù)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)[J]. 氣象科技進(jìn)展, 2017, 7(4):53-59. HUANG B, ZHAO W. Current status and development trend of national marine meteorological service[J]. Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology, 2017, 7(4):53-59.
[24] 劉大剛, 吳彬貴, 解以揚(yáng), 等. 海事氣象保障服務(wù)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)[J]. 中國(guó)航海, 2014, 37(1):131-135. LIU D G, WU B G, XIE Y Y, et al. Present state and development trend of maritime meteorological support service[J]. Navigation of China, 2014, 37(1):131-135.
[25] 許琳琳. 我國(guó)海洋災(zāi)害應(yīng)急管理體系研究[D]. 上海:上海海洋大學(xué), 2019. XU L L. Study on marine disaster emergency management system in China[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University, 2019.

服務(wù)與反饋：

【文章下載】【發(fā)表評(píng)論】【查看評(píng)論】【加入收藏】