浙東地形對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)性質(zhì)的影響——以1909號(hào)臺(tái)風(fēng)“利奇馬”為例

作者：王凱  李淵  高麗  翁之梅  郭九華

單位：臺(tái)州市氣象局, 浙江 臺(tái)州 318000

關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)值模擬 地形 臺(tái)風(fēng) 強(qiáng)降水

分類號(hào)：P444

出版年·卷·期（頁(yè)碼）：2022·39·第一期（11-20）

摘要：

采用WRF中尺度模式設(shè)計(jì)地形敏感性實(shí)驗(yàn)，模擬了臺(tái)風(fēng)"利奇馬"的登陸和降水過程，分析了浙東地形對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)降水、路徑、強(qiáng)度和結(jié)構(gòu)等的影響。研究結(jié)果表明：浙東地形對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)降水的影響最為顯著，浙東區(qū)域存在兩個(gè)明顯的雨量大值區(qū)，分別對(duì)應(yīng)北側(cè)天臺(tái)山和四明山，南側(cè)括蒼山。區(qū)域平均雨量增幅約為50 mm，雨量大值區(qū)可達(dá)30%。山地地形的強(qiáng)迫作用可以促進(jìn)低層輻合和垂直上升運(yùn)動(dòng)，加強(qiáng)局地臺(tái)風(fēng)渦旋，從而增強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)降水并影響降水分布。海岸線喇叭口地形對(duì)降水增強(qiáng)也有一定的貢獻(xiàn)。在不同的臺(tái)風(fēng)降水階段，地形的影響作用也不同，強(qiáng)降水階段地形影響更顯著，降水效率的差異也越大。沿海小地形可以產(chǎn)生較大的雨量波動(dòng)，海拔高度越高，雨量越大。環(huán)境風(fēng)場(chǎng)與地形的交角是地形增幅作用的重要影響因素，浙東的北側(cè)區(qū)域雖然地形海拔高度低，但是受臺(tái)風(fēng)環(huán)流的偏東風(fēng)影響時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，雨量增幅比南側(cè)區(qū)域更顯著。此外，浙東地形在一定程度上能減慢臺(tái)風(fēng)移速，減弱臺(tái)風(fēng)強(qiáng)度，對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)結(jié)構(gòu)也有一定影響。

In this paper, sensitive experiments are conducted using WRF to simulate the landing and precipitation processes of typhoon "Lekima" (1909), and to analyze the influence of topography of eastern Zhejiang Province on typhoon precipitation, path, strength and structure. The results show that the topography of eastern Zhejiang has the most significant influence on typhoon precipitation. There are two significant precipitation areas in eastern Zhejiang Province, which are Tiantai Mountain and Siming Mountain in the north and Kuocang Mountain in the south. The precipitation increase is about 50 mm on regional average with a maximum by 30% in the heavy rainfall area. The forcing effect of mountain topography can promote the low-level convergence and vertical upward movement and strengthen the local typhoon vortex, and thereby increase the typhoon precipitation and affect the precipitation distribution. The horn-like topography also contributes to the enhancement of precipitation. The influence of topography is different in different precipitation stages of typhoon. The influence is more significant in heavy precipitation stage, and the difference of precipitation efficiency is also greater. Small coastal topography can cause large rainfall fluctuations, and the higher the altitude, the greater the rainfall. The intersection angle of the environmental wind and the topography is an important factor affecting the increase of precipitation. Although the altitude on the north side of eastern Zhejiang is low, the increase of precipitation is more significant than that on the south side since it is influenced by the easterly wind of the typhoon circulation for a longer time of period. In addition, the topography of eastern Zhejiang can slow down the typhoon movement to a certain extent, and weaken the typhoon intensity and have a certain impact on the typhoon structure.

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