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珠江口海霧天氣氣候特征及成因分析

單位：1. 國家海洋環(huán)境預報中心, 北京 100081;
2. 深中通道管理中心, 廣東中山 528400

分類號：P732.1

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2022·39·第一期（1-10）

摘要：

利用設立于珠江口海域具有較高時間分辨率的自動氣象站的觀測資料，結合歐洲中期天氣預報中心再分析逐日數(shù)據(jù)集ERA-Interim，對珠江口海霧的天氣氣候特征、環(huán)流場及相關的氣象和水文因子進行分析研究。結果表明：海霧日數(shù)月際變化顯著，海霧盛季為2-4月；日變化特征表現(xiàn)為海霧多生成于夜間-凌晨時段，多消散于早晨-上午時段。珠江口海霧發(fā)生的大尺度環(huán)流形勢可分為冷鋒型、均壓場型、低壓前部型和高壓后部型4類，其中冷鋒型海霧屬于混合霧，其他均屬于平流冷卻霧。進一步的分析表明，層結穩(wěn)定且適宜的相對濕度、風速、風向及海-氣溫差等氣象和水文條件，有利于珠江口海霧過程的發(fā)生和發(fā)展，這對做好海霧過程的預報具有一定的指導意義。

Based on the observations of automatic weather stations with high temporal resolution in the Pearl River Estuary and the ERA-Interim daily reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), this paper analyzes the synoptic and climate characteristics of the sea fog in the Pearl River Estuary and related circulation patterns, meteorological and hydrological factors. It is found that the number of days with sea fog shows significant monthly variation with the peak season from February to April. The characteristic of diurnal variation is that most sea fog forms at night before dawn and dissipates in the late morning. The large-scale circulation patterns causing sea fog in the Pearl River Estuary can be divided into four types:cold front, uniform pressure field, front of low pressure and rear portion of high pressure. The fog of the cold front type belongs to mixed fog, while the others belong to advection cooling fog. Further analysis indicates that appropriate meteorological and hydrological conditions including stable air stratification, suitable air relative humidity, wind speed and sea-air temperature differences favor the formation and development of the sea fog in the Pearl River Estuary. Therefore, the results found in this paper provide certain guiding significance for the prediction of sea fog over the Pearl River Estuary in the future.

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