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上海近海一次低壓控制下春季海霧空間差異分析

單位：1. 上海海洋大學海洋科學學院, 上海 201306;
2. 國家漁業(yè)工程技術研究中心, 上海 201306;
3. 上海河口海洋測繪工程技術研究中心, 上海 201306;
4. 上海海洋氣象臺, 上海 201306

分類號：P732

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2020·37·第一期（33-42）

摘要：

根據(jù)海上浮標實測數(shù)據(jù)和再分析數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)2016年4月20—23日長江口航道附近南北海霧存在的顯著空間差異主要受到水汽以及風場的影響。分析表明：（1）本次海霧過程高空受低壓槽控制近地面處低壓過境，切變線東移導致低空風向的迅速轉變，此后受到暖鋒影響，導致短時小雨過程的發(fā)生；（2）此次海霧過程受風場的影響較大，盛行南風時水汽充足，濕度較大，容易產(chǎn)生海霧，受西北風主導時，則容易出現(xiàn)海霧消散的情況；（3）長江口外北部站點和南部站點存在顯著空間差異性，北部站點能見度明顯好于南部站點，并且在此次海霧過程中北部站點先于南部站點出現(xiàn)一次能見度好轉的情況，這是由于低壓過境導致風向驟變，北部未獲得充分的水汽供給所致。此次低壓槽天氣過程在長江口南北產(chǎn)生區(qū)域差異顯著的海霧，對這種典型風向驟變過程分析有助于為航運密集的長江口海霧預報提供參考。

Based on the marine buoy observations and reanalysis data, we found that the evident spatial difference of sea fog (the complex generation-dissipation process from April 20th to 23rd 2016) between north and south stations offshore the Yangtze Estuary was mainly caused by vapor transport and wind field. The results show that the sea fog process was influenced by rapid change of wind direction caused by the passage of a low pressure system, which was controlled by low pressure trough and transient rain resulted from warm fronts. The sea fog process was mainly influenced by wind direction. The moist south wind favors the development of sea fog, while dry northwest wind undermines the development of sea fog. The visibility between north and south stations offshore the Yangtze Estuary was significantly different. The visibility of north station turned to normal earlier than that of south station, since the wind direction suddenly changes and the north station did not received sufficient water vapor supply during the low-pressure passage. By analyzing sea fog difference between north and south stations influenced by low pressure trough, this study helps our understanding for sea fog forecast offshore the Yangtze Estuary in the future, especially for the weather processes characterized by the swift change of wind direction.

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