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ENSO非對(duì)稱性對(duì)熱帶降水的影響研究

單位：1. 泉州海洋環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)中心, 福建泉州 362000;
2. 中國海洋大學(xué), 山東青島 266000

關(guān)鍵詞：ENSO非對(duì)稱 ENSO指數(shù) 降水異常降水特征線性關(guān)系

分類號(hào)：P732

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2019·36·第一期（59-68）

摘要：

利用1966—2015年多種海氣資料，分析了熱帶太平洋海域的ENSO非對(duì)稱性表現(xiàn)，結(jié)果表明：在赤道東太平洋，ENSO暖事件強(qiáng)度大于ENSO冷事件，而在赤道中、西太平洋上與之相反，即在振幅強(qiáng)度和發(fā)生位置上存在不對(duì)稱。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在厄爾尼諾年的冬季，熱帶印度洋-太平洋海域整體上呈現(xiàn)出“正-負(fù)-正”的降水異常分布形勢(shì)，而在拉尼娜年冬季，則呈現(xiàn)出“負(fù)-正-負(fù)-正”的降水異常分布形勢(shì)，并且，降水距平的正負(fù)異常中心在厄爾尼諾年與拉尼娜年冬季存在緯向不同程度的偏移，表現(xiàn)出ENSO冷暖事件年冬季降水異常的非對(duì)稱性。通過定量計(jì)算降水對(duì)熱帶海域的貢獻(xiàn)，得到赤道中太平洋的降水量主要來源于厄爾尼諾年，赤道東太平洋的降水則主要來源于拉尼娜年，而熱帶印度洋及赤道西太平洋的大部分降水由中性年貢獻(xiàn)。此外，對(duì)熱帶印度洋-太平洋劃分厄爾尼諾強(qiáng)度與熱帶降水線性與非線性區(qū)域，發(fā)現(xiàn)在赤道西太平洋和赤道中太平洋及其偏東區(qū)域線性關(guān)系較為明顯。

Multiple sets of marine meteorological data from 1966 to 2015 are used to analyze the characteristics of ENSO asymmetry in tropical Pacific Ocean. It is shown that the intensity of ENSO warm event is greater than that of ENSO cold event in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean., whereas it is opposite in the equatorial mid and western Pacific Ocean with asymmetry in amplitude intensity and position. Furthermore, the precipitation anomaly shows a "positive-negative-positive" pattern in the tropical Indian-Pacific Ocean during the winter of El Niño event, while it shows a "negative-positive-negative-positive" pattern during the winter of La Niña event. The positive and negative center of precipitation anomaly during the winter of El Niño event and La Niña event reveals meridional deviation in various degree, which demonstrate the asymmetry of precipitation anomaly in the winter of ENSO cold and warm events. Quantitative calculation of the contribution of precipitation to the tropical ocean suggest that precipitation mainly is gained in El Nino years in the equatorial mid-Pacific Ocean and gained in La Niña years in the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean, whereas it is largely gained in neutral years in the tropical Indian Ocean and the equatorial western Pacific Ocean. In addition, a significant linear relationship is found between the equatorial western Pacific Ocean and the equatorial mid-Pacific and its adjacent eastern areas by dividing the linear and non-linear areas of El Niño intensity and tropical precipitation in the tropical IndianPacific Ocean.

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