廈門灣潮流動力特征研究

作者：張世民  李少偉  鄧兆青  吳向榮

單位：國家海洋局廈門海洋預(yù)報臺, 福建 廈門 361008

關(guān)鍵詞：廈門灣 潮流 余流 海面風(fēng) 淺海效應(yīng)

分類號：P731.23

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2018·35·第一期（19-28）

摘要：

根據(jù)收集的廈門灣歷史上多個短期和長期站位的實測潮流、海面風(fēng)觀測資料，分析廈門灣的潮流性質(zhì)、運動形式、漲落潮流特性、余流等特征和海面風(fēng)對潮流的影響。結(jié)果表明：廈門灣屬于正規(guī)半日潮的淺海潮型海灣，潮流運動形式表現(xiàn)為往復(fù)流性質(zhì)，潮流作用較強(qiáng)、且日不等現(xiàn)象比較明顯，灣內(nèi)水道處流速最大、一般大于100 cm/s；余流流速一般小于10 cm/s，在垂直方向的變化不明顯、且一般大潮比小潮大，流向則一般與漲落潮流流向呈一定的角度指向灣內(nèi)或灣外；角嶼東側(cè)的C2和上嶼附近的C5兩個長期觀測站的資料分析表明，在強(qiáng)風(fēng)（風(fēng)力>6級）作用下，廈門灣潮波的淺海效應(yīng)進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)、且C5站余流流速明顯減小，但在西南風(fēng)時，C2站的余流流向表現(xiàn)為順時針偏轉(zhuǎn)、C5站為逆時針偏轉(zhuǎn)，兩站的底層流向偏轉(zhuǎn)角度均小于表層，在東北風(fēng)時，兩站的余流流向均為逆時針偏轉(zhuǎn)、且偏轉(zhuǎn)角度在垂向差別不大。

On the bases of the observations from several short-term and long-term ocean stations in the Xiamen bay, the characteristics and the motion pattern of the tidal current, flood current, ebb current and residual current, the influence of the wind on the tidal current in the Xiamen bay are studied. The results show that:the reversing tidal current in the Xiamen Bay resulted a regular semidiurnal characteristic. The largest velocity of the tidal current is observed in the channel with a value higher than 100 cm/s. The residual current velocity is larger during the spring tidal than that during neap tidal, with a value smaller than 10cm/s on usual. In the vertical, the velocity of residual current has a little variation. Generally, the direction of the residual current shows an angle between the tidal current and point to the outside of the bay or opposite direction. Under the influence of strong wind (higher than 6 level) on the Beaufort, the shoaling effect of tidal wave is further enhanced, and the residual current velocity is reduced at station C5. When the southwest wind blows, the direction of the residual current at station C2 and C5 shows clockwise and anticlockwise deflection, respectively. The deflection angle is smaller in the deep water than in the sea surface. When the northeast wind blows, both of the two stations show a clockwise deflection, and the deflection angle changes little in the vertical.

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