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舟山一次由脈沖風暴引起的下?lián)舯┝骼妆┐箫L成因分析

單位：1. 舟山市氣象局, 浙江舟山 316000;
2. 浙江省氣象臺, 浙江杭州 310000;
3. 南京信息工程大學氣象災害預報預警與評估協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心, 中國氣象局氣溶膠-云-降水重點開放實驗室, 江蘇南京 210044

關鍵詞：脈沖風暴下?lián)舯┝?/a> 雷暴大風密度流

分類號：P732

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2025·42·第四期（74-84）

摘要：

利用地面加密自動站逐小時資料、多普勒天氣雷達探測資料、FY-4A可見光云圖以及ERA5再分析等資料，對2022年7月17日發(fā)生在舟山市的一次下?lián)舯┝鬟^程進行診斷分析。結(jié)果表明：本次過程發(fā)生在弱垂直風切變和強熱力不穩(wěn)定環(huán)境中，自由對流高度較低，使得寧波—舟山一帶出現(xiàn)脈沖風暴；云街代表當?shù)卮嬖谌醮怪憋L切變和一定的水汽條件，對脈沖風暴具有指示意義，脈沖風暴強烈發(fā)展引發(fā)下?lián)舯┝鳎瓷渎室蜃雍诵膹? km高度快速下降到地面后在舟山島西側(cè)形成地面輻合線，使得風暴東移加強；降水粒子在下降至900 hPa后蒸發(fā)降溫，在加強下沉氣流的同時，也在地面形成了中心氣溫低于26℃的冷池，并產(chǎn)生冷池密度流，與單體下沉輻散氣流疊加后造成了9～11級的雷暴大風。

Based on the hourly data from automatic weather stations, Doppler weather radar data, FY-4A visible satellite imagery and ERA5 reanalysis data, a downburst thunderstorm event occurred in Zhoushan on 17 July 2022 is analyzed. The results show that this event occurs in weak vertical wind shear and strong thermal instability environment with lower free convection height, resulting in pulse thunderstorm from Ningbo to Zhoushan. The cloud street reveals the existence of weak vertical wind shear and certain water vapor condition in the area suggesting the appearance of pulse thunderstorm. Strong development of the pulse thunderstorm triggers downburst. The reflectivity factor core rapidly descends from a height of 7 km to the ground, and forms a surface convergence line in the western Zhoushan, which strengthens the storm along with the eastward movement. The precipitation particles evaporate after falling to 900 hPa, which causes the air cooling, and a cold pool with central temperature lower than 24 ℃ is formed on the ground, generating density flow in the cold pool. The sinking divergent airflow superimposing the density flow causes thunderstorm gale of grade 9～11.

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