環(huán)渤海地區(qū)一次特強(qiáng)濃霧的觀測(cè)分析與數(shù)值模擬研究

作者：田夢(mèng)1 2 3  劉姝4  孟麗紅1 3  靳振華5  郭陽(yáng)6  孫雪倩7

單位：1. 天津市海洋氣象重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 天津 300074; 2. 中國(guó)氣象科學(xué)研究院災(zāi)害天氣國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 北京 100081; 3. 天津市氣象科學(xué)研究所, 天津 300074; 4. 中國(guó)氣象局雄安大氣邊界層重點(diǎn)開放實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 河北 雄安新區(qū) 071700; 5. 天津市濱海新區(qū)氣象局, 天津 300350;

關(guān)鍵詞：環(huán)渤海地區(qū) 大霧 天氣形勢(shì) 大氣邊界層結(jié)構(gòu) 海表面溫度

分類號(hào)：P732.2

出版年·卷·期（頁(yè)碼）：2025·42·第四期（60-73）

摘要：

利用大霧多源融合產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)、歐洲中期天氣預(yù)報(bào)中心ERA5再分析數(shù)據(jù)集、地面氣象觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)、探空等數(shù)據(jù)以及天氣研究與預(yù)報(bào)模式（WRF）的數(shù)值和試驗(yàn)結(jié)果，對(duì)2024年1月11—14日發(fā)生在環(huán)渤海的特強(qiáng)濃霧事件的時(shí)空分布、演變特征、環(huán)流背景和大氣邊界層結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析，揭示此次輻射-平流霧的形成機(jī)制，突出了渤海的水汽供應(yīng)和海溫下墊面在霧生消過(guò)程中的重要作用。結(jié)果表明：大霧產(chǎn)生于較穩(wěn)定的大氣環(huán)流背景下，低層弱輻合和夜間輻射降溫是促進(jìn)大霧形成的動(dòng)力學(xué)和熱力學(xué)條件。來(lái)自渤海的偏東風(fēng)低空急流提供了團(tuán)霧形成和帶狀霧持續(xù)的水汽條件，強(qiáng)逆溫層和“上干下濕”的大氣邊界層結(jié)構(gòu)是海霧持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的主因。海溫敏感性試驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步表明，較高的海溫可能會(huì)降低海霧的濃度和持續(xù)時(shí)間，反之，低海溫有助于海霧維持。此外，海溫變化亦會(huì)通過(guò)改變海面蒸發(fā)和水汽平流過(guò)程間接影響沿岸陸地霧的生消演變。

Using data from the multi-source fog fusion product, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts（ECMWF） 5th Generation ERA5 reanalysis data, ground meteorological observations, radiosonde data, and the Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF） model, this study analyzes the spatial-temporal distribution, evolution characteristics, circulation background, and atmospheric boundary layer structure of the extreme dense fog event over the Bohai Sea from January 11 to 14, 2024. The results reveal the formation and dissipation mechanism of this radiation-advection fog, emphasizing the crucial role of water vapor supply from the Bohai Sea and the sea surface temperature（SST） in the fog’s formation and maintenance. The fog developed under a relatively stable atmospheric circulation, with weak low-level convergence and nocturnal radiative cooling providing the dynamic and thermodynamic conditions conducive to fog formation. Low-level jet originating from the Bohai Sea supplied water vapor necessary for the formation of fog patches and sustained the banded fog. The strong inversion layer and the "upper dry and lower moist" boundary layer structure were identified as the main factor contributing to the prolonged duration of the fog. Additionally, sensitivity experiments suggest that higher SST tended to reduce fog density and shorten its duration, while lower SST favored the persistence of sea fog. Furthermore, SST also affected the formation and dissipation of coastal land fog through processes of sea surface evaporation and water vapor advection.

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