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浮標海面風資料的質(zhì)量控制及中國近海風的基本特征分析

單位：國家氣候中心, 北京 100081

分類號：P732.1

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2025·42·第四期（26-36）

摘要：

對中國近海74個浮標海面風資料進行整合、質(zhì)量控制，形成了一套高度統(tǒng)一、準確可靠的浮標海面風數(shù)據(jù)集。結(jié)果表明：約80%的浮標風速數(shù)據(jù)的可疑率在5%以下，浮標海面風資料整體質(zhì)量較好。基于該數(shù)據(jù)集對中國近海各浮標不同月份的平均風速和盛行風向分布、不同海域各風向頻率及各級風速頻率進行分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：中國近海1月、4月、7月、10月的平均風速、盛行風向分布有明顯差別；8個不同海域的浮標1月偏北風頻率較高，7月偏南風頻率較高；渤海—臺灣海峽北部的風速峰值逐漸增大，臺灣海峽南部浮標的風速頻率呈現(xiàn)“雙峰型”特征，南海南部浮標比南海西北部浮標的風速頻率分布稍陡峭，北部灣浮標的風速在4～5 m/s、8～9 m/s的頻率最高。

Based on the multi-source integration and quality control of the sea surface wind data of 74 buoys in China’ offshore areas, a set of highly unified, accurate and reliable sea surface wind data is formed. The results show that the suspicious rate of wind speed data is less than 5% in 80% of all buoy stations and the overall quality of buoy surface wind data is good. Based on the data set, the mean wind speed and prevailing wind direction distribution of each buoy in different months, the frequency of each wind direction and wind speed frequency of each level in different sea areas are analyzed. It is found that the mean wind speed and prevailing wind direction distribution in January, April, July and October are significantly different in China’s offshore areas. The frequencies of northerly winds in January and southerly winds in July are high for eight buoys in different sea areas. The peak wind speed increases gradually from the Bohai Sea to the northern Taiwan Strait; The wind speed frequency of the buoy in the southern Taiwan Strait shows a "double peak" characteristic. The wind speed frequency distribution of the buoy in the southern South China Sea is slightly steeper than that in the northwestern South China Sea, and the wind speed frequency of the buoy in the Beibu Gulf peak at ranges of 4～5 m/s and 8～9 m/s.

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